The eNotes Blog To the Beat of Our Own Drum My Life Among the BeatGeneration

To the Beat of Our Own Drum My Life Among the BeatGeneration This guest post comes to us by way of one of our educators, wordprof. Besides serving as one of our literary experts, having written two books on drama and worked for Purdue University, wordprof has much to share for having witnessed firsthand one of the most interesting time periods in American literary history. Read on to find out a little more about one of our best educators as well as the decade dominated by  the Beat movement. There is an interesting way to think of History: it is any time you didn’t live through.  The Beatnik era, however, for me is not history, because I was there, in San Francisco in the 1950’s, and I experienced the emergence of a new sensibility, in the contrasting lifestyles of the time. San Francisco (of course, New York also) experienced a dynamic, innovative time just before the invasion of the â€Å"Flower Children† in the 1960’s.   It was known as the Beatnik era (named by Herb Caen), combining the Russian suffix –nik from Sputnik (1957) to the â€Å"Beat† designation from Kerauoc’s â€Å"Beat Generation† (meaning many things, including â€Å"The Beatitudes,† because there was a beatific, nonviolent atmosphere to the art of the time). I remember at the time that the aesthetic atmosphere brought an interesting contrast between the commercial, conservative atmosphere of the Ayn Rand   mentality  (The Fountainhead,  Atlas Shrugged), and Jack Kerouac’s On the Road, Allen Ginsberg’s Howl, Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s A Coney Island of the Mind, and the like. The contrast could most easily be seen in the two dominant book stores- Paul Elder’s Books, downtown, where multiple copies of such novel bestsellers as Pasternak’s Dr. Zhivago (1957) and Nabakov’s Lolita (1957 in English translation) were stacked in towers in the expanses of window displays, and City Lights Book Store in North Beach. The latter, co-owned by Lawrence Ferlinghetti, featured single copies of books on shelves marked â€Å"Alternate Lifestyles† and â€Å"Non-Western religions,† where my friends would keep in touch with me by leaving notes on the cork bulletin board made available to all. Lawrence Ferlinghetti stands outside City Lights Bookstore, which devoted itself to selling alt and ,yes, banned books. The reading habits of this period reflected a vital new interest in Eastern philosophies and literature, prompted in large part by translation of eastern thought by Alan Watts ( The Way of Zen, 1957) and by English editions of Herman Hesse’s work (Siddhartha, Steppenwolf, Glass Bead Game, Journey to the East).   The Lebanese writer Kahlil Gibran of The Prophet  and the ancient Egyptian â€Å"Hermes Trismegistus† of The Kybalion also became widely read; Krishnamurti and the theosophists were much admired, along with existential philosophical writers- Jean-Paul Sartre (Being and Nothingness, but more often Existentialism and Human Emotion), Albert Camus’ novels, Andre Gide, Dostoevsky, Ouspensky’s Tertium Organum,   all much read, passed along, and discussed. It was a time of experimentation for all. Other influences, both philosophically and stylistically, were Walt Whitman, T.S Eliot, Ezra Pound, and especially E. E. Cummings, not only because of his distinct poetry, but for his prose autobiographical The Enormous Room and his seminal Norton Lectures i. six nonlectures. (I enjoyed a brief correspondence with Cummings that started as a paean to his genius and an inquiry about whether we should capitalize his name in our writings, and ended up with a request to be his apprentice, to which he responded in a postcard: â€Å"This nonhero is too busy being to teach.†)   Erich Fromm’s Art of Loving (1956), in many ways a contrast to the other popular literature of the time, was also read widely.   My personal â€Å"book of wonder† during these years of the Beatnik era was Bucke’s Cosmic Consciousness (written earlier but enjoying a revival), a conjecture about the next phase of human development, followed by a collection of brief biographies of persons who had transcended self-consciousness into â€Å"cosmic† consciousness (Francis Bacon, Walt Whitman, Gautama Buddha, etc.). It was all very beatific. As for my own enlightenment, I had my spine read by a â€Å"chiropracter† who could tell me all about my previous lives (I had been a sailor and an astronomer!). I was charted by a â€Å"personology† expert, who read my face, hair, and head bumps to determine my predilections toward a profession in this lifetime.   I also tried to teach myself Greek by reading interlinear translations of The Odyssey (no luck), and took playwriting lessons at the Sears-Whiteside School of Drama. That was the world of the â€Å"Beatnik† wannabe. Between that world and the world of ego-driven commercialism lay a chasm only bridged by San Francisco’s geographic splendor.   Besides the obvious tourist attractions- Pelican Island (Alcatraz), the Golden Gate Bridge, Coit Tower, Fisherman’s Wharfthere was Golden Gate Park, containing, besides expansive grass valleys, dozens of commemorative statues (many hidden by fast-growing shrubbery), as well as the De Young Museum and the Japanese Tea Gardens.   At the park’s western edge, guarded by two old-fashioned windmills, was the Pacific Ocean beach, a free public expanse of sand beyond which nothing existed except the Farallon Islands and the mysterious East.   At the top, northern tip of the beach, was Seal Island, close enough to shore to observe the seals without the coin-operated   binoculars, overlooked by the Camera Obscura and the Cliff House restaurant and bar, next to Sutro’s Bath House (since burned down).   These sites were somehow almo st reserved for natives to discover (despite the gift shops), again because the beach was free and we were always broke. Living as a young adult in the mid-50s to early 1960’s, I witnessed the contrasts daily. In North Beach, for example, (not a beach, but the Italian-American area surrounding the intersection of Columbus and Broadway streets) one could walk from a sublime, subtle Benny Bufano bronze statue of St. Francis in front of St. Francis Church, to the frighteningly commercial art studio and gallery of Walter Keane, where the big-eyed clown portraits reeked of poor taste.   Elsewhere throughout the Bay Area, Elmer Bischoff, Richard Diebenkorn (my friend, a student at S.F. School of Fine Art, did his gardening and mowed his lawn), and Paul Thiebaud were carving out Fine Art careers. (I remember one abstract expressionist painting at the DeYoung originally called something like â€Å"Study No. 2† but renamed â€Å"The Unnatural Battle of the Four Primal Elements† but I don’t recall the artist’s name.) The contrast in drinking establishments, too, was always apparent, from the upscale nightclubs- The Condor, Finnochio’s, Bimbo’s, Vesuvio’s, and the Buena Vista at the cablecar terminus- to â€Å"The Place†, a simple bar where anyone could speak publicly on the topic of the day, on Blabbermouth night, posted on a blackboard behind the bar. I myself spoke to â€Å"Is Nixon a Stone Fetishist?† (when he was vice-president and was stoned by the crowds as he toured South America on a â€Å"goodwill mission†) and to â€Å"Is Nudism a Form of Catharsis?† before nudism entered the free enterprise system with Carol Doda. Poet Allen Ginsberg (right), at North Beachs popular hangout Caffe Trieste. Hes joined by City Lights clerk Shig Murao, who was once arrested for selling Howl to an undercover police officer. In music (pre-British Invasion), Bob Dylan, Odetta, and Mose Allison sang out from apartment windows, while Flamenco dance music and West Coast Jazz floated out of the nightclubs (financially out of reach for the Beatniks, who would cluster on the sidewalks just outside the bouncer-doorman’s jurisdiction). A startlingly good recording of Porgy and Bess, with Mel Torme and Francis Faye, came out- in vinyl, of course- with a real red handkerchief in a pocket on the cover. Comics considered cutting-edge at the time would be featured at the Hungry I- Lenny Bruce, Nichols and May, George Carlin. Entertainment- other than the private gatherings in apartments decorated with free posters of faraway places (handed out by downtown travel agencies) featuring cheap wine and Tarot card readings, I Ching yarrow stick interpretations, and Mah Jongg games- was self-generated. We played chess at the Co-Existence Bagel Shop (where no bagels were served), or attending Auteur theatre. We watched  Jules et Jim,  Hiroshima, Mon Amour,  La Dolce Vita  and a dozen others, or the free performances in Golden Gate Park of the San Francisco Mime Troupe. There was a growth of experimental theatre, with 1957s  Waiting for Godot, (an outstanding production directed by Herbert Blau, with Jules Irving as Lucky, performed downtown and then at San Quentin prison), Albee’s The Sandbox, Kopit’s Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mama’s Hung You in the Closet and I’m Feeling So Sad, the Happenings of Allen Kaprow, and an interest in the New York theatre experiments emerging at the begin ning of the 1960’s, Living Theatre, Open Theatre, etc.   In the conservative category at the same time, the best were the movies The Vikings and The Horse’s Mouth and on stage a traveling production of West Side Story.   I remember the Jack Tar hotel (finished in 1960) being built, ugly, rectangular, devoid of charm, an outsider to San Francisco’s opulent tradition of upscale hotels- the Mark Hopkins, and the St Francis.   As one critic put it: â€Å"It looks like the box that the Mark Hopkins came in.† The changing landscape of Broadway and Columbus signified the ushering in of a new era and the end of the time that belonged to the Beats. Geographically and socially, the Beatnik era ended around 1962, not only because of the Kennedy assassination, but also because Carol Doda at the Condor brought a different kind of tourism to the Columbus and Broadway area (her larger-than-life image in neon became a visual reminder of the change in atmosphere). The creative forces of the writers and poets were moving on, to Telegraphic Hill and to the Eastern cultures that Zen, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Krishnamurti had introduced them to- Japan, China, India, Tibet. The new neighborhoods were the Castro district and the Haight-Cole area (later claimed and re-named by the Flower Children as the Haight-Ashbury area, surrounding the panhandle of Golden Gate Park.) The writing generation just before the Beatniks, such as William Saroyan (Fresno), Jack London (Oakland), and John Steinbeck (Monterey), had branded California as a literary haven, but the Beats took San Francisco as their own (Saroyan lived on Carl Street in the Haight-Co le district before returning to Fresno). They- we- branded it with the indelible image still found today between the stacks of City Lights, or the pages of On the Road. All in all, if my memory hasn’t distorted the actual facts (Hinman Collator needed), the contrasting worlds served to heighten my awareness of the changes in social aesthetics that were taking place at that time. Whether the Beat Generation or the Ayn Rand Establishment won that particular battle, only history will tell. Besides, I wasn’t in history- I was in my salad days, in San Francisco during the Beatnik era.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder Essay I have been diagnosed with what is called a Bipolar Disorder Essay. For all of my life I have been moody, so I guess when my I had mood swings my parents chalked it up to being a teenager. I always knew that it was more than just moodiness, but I had no idea what was wrong with me. When I am in a manic state I feel empowered and clever. In this phase, people find me very charismatic I also love myself and others and am very creative and productive. I also make unwise decisions during this phase like investing in one of my creative ideas which are not realistic.My manic phases can also jump to irratbility and imparience with others, when I amin this stage of my manic phase all that I can see is that everyone is an idiot, and the world is against me. This is when my charisma wears off and I end up alienating people. Luckily, I have some friends and family that stick with me no matter what I do to hurt them. Eventually this manic stage wearsoff and I crash into a deep depression. I feel remorse and sadness for the harm that I have caused those around me. I spend alot of my depressed state apologizing to people for the harm I have inflicted on them. I try to clean up my mess. I also can not sleep during this phase so I force myself to do the everyday things such as cleaning the house, showering, as well as reading books and doing anything I can to keep my mind occupied. If I am not busy during this time my mind fills with ideas of my suicide. I have written my final intructions and apologies so many times I cant even begin to count them. I know every method of suicide possible, its a wonder that i am still alive. Fortunately one of my close firends found one of my suicide notes and told my family and close friends. They talked me into finding help I eventually checked myself into a psychiatric facility because I did not want to go to my home alone. After 4 hours of filling out insurance papers and talking to people I eventually saw a doctor at this point I panicked and ignored their advice. I had never checked myself into a facility like this because I was afraid if everyone saw how crazy I am I would never get out. I have now realized that the facilities help and do not harm. The doctors put me on medications for a while to tes the waters. The firts was Lithum, a drug that naturally occurs it is a mood stabilizer which helps control my mood swings. They also suggested stronger drugs such as depakote, depacine, depakene and epilim these are all derivatives of a substance called valproic acids these are called anti convulsants they help me stay calm. The doctors have given me a self medication regien that will help me control my moods. They had me change my eating habits. Rather then having my usual samll breakfast, medium lunch and large dinner they had me eat three meals of equal size and on a certain schedule. They said eating a larger meal later on in the day can make my bipolar disorder harder to treat. They also said it is imperative to have a set sleeping schedule. Going to bed at the same time everyday and waking up at the same time. they say lack of sleep can trigger mania. Along with a set eating and sleeping schedule the doctors have me make a mood chart to help illistrate which medications are working. it is also important in helping me find my triggers such as stress, foods, people, etc. I alo have had to learn how to manage I am also seeing a therapist who listens to me and helps me manage my disorder. .

English literature on poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English literature on poetry - Essay Example As the second stanza begins, the relater strikes a chord that all thoughts of her are still far-flung as the young woman in the photograph goes dancing ‘in the ballroom with the thousand eyes’: it gives the impression as though all the eyes were on her future mother. She envisions how her mother must have danced, and can comprehend that if the right person walked her house, she would have been in a daydream the next day: ‘those fizzy, movie tomorrows’ juggle up the miraculous feeling flawlessly. The daughter also knows that her grandmother would have been waiting with a thrashing if her mother was behind schedule home, but that this would have been a tiny cost to pay for such a nighttime out. In the third stanza, the daughter passes on to the moment of her birth with the expression ‘my loud, possessive yell’, handing over the thought that this was a crucial, life-changing split second. She becomes conscious that the ten years earlier her birth, as her mother moved toward parenthood, must have been the unsurpassed ones. She can consider playing with an elderly pair of her mother's ‘high-heeled red shoes, relics,’ and films her mother walking in them, bizarrely referring to her ‘ghost’ as she approaches. Her mind's eye takes on the senses equally on picture and odor as the picture becomes more glowing: ‘till I see you, clear as scent’; she thinks of her mother as ‘darling’, and envisions that she would have had love bites on her neckline. The fourth and final stanza begins with an animated Cha Cha Cha! in italics, and the daughter girl retains information on how her mother trained her to dance on the way home from cathedral. There is the wisdom of the outlawed here, rumbling the thought of her mother going home late to a penalty conceivably. These dancing coaching seem to have been in practice when the daughter was still a kid, as she says ‘Even then / I wanted the bo ld girl winking in Portobello’. The final two lines of the poem portray the mother's adobe as enchanting, and in the concluding one, the daughter incarcerates the quintessence of her mother's teenage years where she used to 'sparkle and waltz and laugh', fashioning a picture of a full of life, lighthearted, blithe young woman. Duffy compares the young woman's dreamy fantasies with the actuality of motherliness, which will come ten years later: â€Å"The thought of me doesn't occur/in...The fizzy, movie tomorrows/ the right walk home could bring...’’ hence, making it a very admiring, light-hearted beautiful piece of poetry. Activity 2 The poem is a four-canto one, each stanza comprises of five lines, with a little deviation in measurement lengthwise of line. The first two stanzas highlight solely on the life of the mother before the offspring was born, at the same time the third stanza unlocks with an indication to the daughter's delivery and then shifts to the daughter's mental picture of her mother in her past life, thus connecting a bond with the preceding stanzas. The fourth stanza starts on with reminiscence from the daughter's younger life with her mom, and then takes us backside once more to the mother's days of passion for dancing. The outward appearance of the poem is predictable: empty verse (unrhymed pentameters) stanzas, all of

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN Coursework

RESPOND TO CLASSMATES RESPONSES ON BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN JAPAN - Coursework Example You so well outline that the Japanese are a high power distance society where pessimism seems to have no room amidst the harmony that they so much value. Japanese mixing business with social or rather personal life can greatly overwhelm foreigners who might find it to be disgusting merely due little acquaintance with the Japanese’s way of life. To avert complications common in cross-cultural negotiations, Americans must comprehend Japanese non-verbal cues, as this will also ease the negotiation process. However, rather than relying on translators, it is most appropriate that one masters fundamental aspects of the Japanese language prior to attending a meeting in Japan. Your response portrays a good amount of research. Your introduction of deductive and inductive reasoning propels the discussion and instigates further exploration of the world of communication and psychology. The Japanese build trusts and harmonious relationships in every activity that they participate in. While asking questions about a culture is effective in understanding other people’s culture, it is important to appropriately contemplate the questions that can be asked to avoid offending the Japanese whose are proud of and gratified with their unique culture. Researching about Japanese culture prior to the meeting is also quite vivacious but the research should focus on points or sections that can be necessary during the business negotiation. Japanese customers want to feel treasured under every circumstance. As you rightly point out, saving face and showing respect to hierarchy are important in international trading especially in Japan. Multi-cultural diversity requires that business personnel are familiar with their partners’ culture. Embarking on a programme of language training will not be a waste of resources since the output will eventually overshadow the input. The company will appear to

The Underground Railroad Essay -- History Historical Slavery Essays

The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was one of the most remarkable protests against slavery in United States history. It was a fight for personal survival, which many slaves lost in trying to attain their freedom. Slaves fought for their own existence in trying to keep with the traditions of their homeland, their homes in which they were so brutally taken away from. In all of this turmoil however they managed to preserve the customs and traditions of their native land. These slaves fought for their existence and for their cultural heritage with the help of many people and places along the path we now call the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a secret operation that began during the 19th century, and reached its peak during the time of 1830 – 1865. The story of the Underground Railroad was one of individual sacrifice and great courage in the efforts of the African American people to reach freedom, with the help of many interconnected â€Å"stations† (Introduction to the Underground Railroad?). The number of sites connected with the Underground Railroad was immense. The Underground Railroad was any direction slaves traveled to freedom. It was a huge scheme of paths through marshes, over mountains, along rivers, and by sea. No real trains existed on the Underground Railroad, but guides were called conductors. Runaways escaped to the North along a series of routes that stretched through the southern Border States (â€Å"History and Geography†). Slaves who escaped into the western territories, Mexico and the Caribbean, then tried to blend in with the free African American communities, which lived in these areas (Slavery’s Past). There were many conductors in many different states, all of which were important to the Underground Railroad. The most notable of these was Harriet Tubman. Harriet made nineteen trips back to Slave States to help members of her family and other slaves to escape to freedom. She was a woman who could not read or write, but she helped over three hundred slaves to their freedom. She had many encounters with slave traders and others, who tried to capture her, but she never got caught, and she never lost a single slave (Harriet Tubman). Another important figure in the Underground Railroad was Stephen Myers. Stephen Myers helped the Underground Railroad from 1830 to 1850. In this time he helped thousands o... ...ic linking the people of Africa and America. It is a story of places, North and South. It is a story of secrets involving routes and language, codes and music. In the end it is a story of jubilation and freedom, bought at a great price by individuals. Works Cited African Genesis. History and Geography of the Underground Railroad. Nov. 7, 2000 Appleseed Recording. Free at Last.1998 Cairnes, John E. Slavery’s Past. Lilly W. The Underground Railroad. June 16, 1999 Maryland’s African American Heritage. Harriet Tubman. Siebert, Wilbur. The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times 1968 U.C. Davis Division of Education. The Freedom Sympathizers and Fighters. May 1996 U.C. Davis Division of Education. What was The Underground Railroad?. May 1996. Underground Railroad Workshop. Able Brown. 2000 Underground Railroad Workshop. Stephen Myers. 2000 Underground Railroad Workshop. The role of the Quaker Community. 2000 United States. National Park Service. Introduction to the Underground Railroad. United States. National Park Service & History Association. In Search of Freedom. August 1996

Emilia & Documents Essay

Emilia is only a secondary character in the play but her role is crucial one. Though she is wife of Iago, she is ignorant of the real nature of his plots and she even aids his designs without any awareness of their consequences on one side. On the other side, she is coarse-minded, earthy but devotedly attached to her mistress. So Shakespeare portrays her in a realistic light, attributing to her strengths and weaknesses, combining in her character the qualities of loyalty and service, with a commitment also to the more worldly side of human nature. Shakespeare also uses her as toll to carry out the malicious motives and evil designs of Iago. She also acts as a foil to Desdemona. Her being a companion to Desdemona enables her to reveal not only her own wide experience of the world but also to highlight Desdemona’s innocence and idealism. The commonsensical realism of Emilia provides a refreshing contrast to Desdemona’s unpractical idealism. Emilia is a woman of the world and her understanding of the real nature of men and their affairs is more realistic and mature than that of Desdemona. In this respect she serves as a foil to throw into sharp relief the childlike nature of her mistress. For example, while Desdemona thinks that there are no women in the world who would play false to their husbands, Emilia knows that there are many such; â€Å"Yes a dozen: and, as many the vantage as would/ store the world they played for. † (IV. iii. 82-83) She changes over the course of the play from a passive Elizabethan domestic woman to an active and dynamic character who fully endorses the chastity of her mistress and protests over the unfair and rude behavior of Othello toward her. She remains silent in the first half of the play like a typical Elizabethan woman who solemnly accepts all the pathos and miseries of life afflicted upon her by her husbands. Her very first dialogue in the play indicates the matrimonial and domestic strife she was suffering from. Her response to Iago’s comments; â€Å"I find it still, when I have list to sleep: /Marry, before your ladyship, I grant, /She puts her tongue a little in her heart, /And chides with thinking. † (II. i. 891-894) She says, â€Å"You have little cause to say so† (II. i. 895). Adamson is of the view that â€Å"She knows. . . . it is less painful to suffer his scornful abuse than to challenge and try to change him† (247). So her silence and so short a reply is tool to hide herself in her own cocoon and an agonizing acknowledgement of triviality in the domestic sphere. Her silence is due to the complexity of the situation in which she is entangled as Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s intimate. This produces in her paradoxical emotions about one or the other. â€Å"The female connection between Desdemona and Emilia demonstrates a level of personal intimacy that is free of the professional distinctions in the male relationships, but is complicated by class distinctions and compromised by Emilia’s divided loyalty as Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s serving lady† (Nostbakken 21). So Iago exploits this role of Emilia. In the first place it is she who provides Iago with the handkerchief which he puts to such a terrible use. But she should be blamed for the tragedy as she makes matters more complicated when she professes ignorance as Desdemona asks her whether she knows where she could have dropped her handkerchief. In both these instances, Emilia is culpable, but it may be said in her defense that she is quite unaware of committing anything more than a minor violation of truth. So her silence is not a criminal silence and audience understands it that it is due to her subservience to social norms that force her to behave more as Iago’s wife than Desdemona’s maid. Whenever she becomes more vocal, it is owed to her love for her mistress. Toward the end of the play she emerges as a changed individual who has broken down the shackles of conventionalities, social compulsion and accepted behaviors. Her emotional attachment to Desdemona overpowers her alter in the play. Emilia’s stout defense of Desdemona proves futile because Othello decides to regard her as Desdemona’s bawd. However, Emilia has other functions in the play. At the death of Desdemona she felt herself very much grief stricken: â€Å"Villainy, villainy, villainy! /I think upon’t : I think smell’t: O villainy! /I thought so then: I ‘ll kill myself for grief:/ O villainy, villainy! † (V. ii. 191-194) When she once realizes that her husband used the handkerchief to implicate her mistress, she condemns and exposes him without fear although she loses her life in doing so; Good gentleman, let me have leave to speak,/‘Tis proper I obey him, but not now:/ Perchance, Iago. I will ne’er go home. (V. ii. 196-198) M. R. Ridley believes that â€Å" in all the plays there is nothing more characteristic of Shakespeare than the way in which Desdemona’s death kindles in her (Emilia) a bright flame of self-forgetful courage; it is not just that she faces the threats of both Othello and her husband(Iago), but rather that she neglects them, brushes them aside as irrelevant trivialities. †(46) Emilia may be said to represent the ordinary people who commonly figure in Shakespeare, people who are not extraordinarily virtuous in daily life, but who are gifted with a reasonable perceptiveness and commonsense and are capable of heroism in times of crisis. Her complete transformation comes with the resolution to reveal the truth when she says; ‘Twill out, ’twill out: I peace! /No, I will speak as liberal as the north†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (V. ii. 3561-62) And her disclosure; â€Å"O thou dull Moor!that handkerchief thou speak’st of /I found by fortune and did give my husband†(V. ii. 3570-71) A. C. Bradley remarks about this transformation;† Till close to the end she frequently sets one’s teeth on edge; and at the end one is ready to worship her† (p. 205). The only character to perform a complete transformation of character over the course of Othello’s action, Emilia progresses rapidly from her early role as coarse and subservient foil) to Iago(as depicted earlier) into a resolute and effective defender of Desdemona’s virtue. Works Cited Adamson, Jane. Othello as tragedy: some problems of judgment and feeling. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1980 Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean tragedy : lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. London: Macmillan. 1971 Nostbakken, Faith. Understanding Othello, A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000. Ridley, M. R. Othello. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1958.

Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Screening and Genetic...

Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Screening and Genetic Engineering In today’s modern age science is moving at a rapid pace; one of those scientific fields that has taken the largest leaps is that of genetics. When genetics first comes to mind, many of us think of it as a type of science fiction, or a mystical dream. Yet genetics is here, it is real, and has numerous ethical implications. One of the particular areas of interest is prenatal genetics. In this field, many new and outstanding innovations have been made. A mother and father can now check for a large array of disorders that could occur in their child; sexual preference has now been shifted from the hands of a higher being to that of someone with a Ph.D.;†¦show more content†¦In this brave new field, there have been many steps and strides taken of which we could have never imagined. For instance, before a mother and father decided to carry out the process of having offspring, they can visit a genetic clinic to figure out if their child is likely to have certain illnesses. A list of such illnesses are: Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, dwarfism, breast cancer (susceptibility to), fragile X syndrome, Huntington’s Disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and various types of nervous system degeneration (Golden 51). These are only a few of the nearly 40 types of disorders that can be determined by genetic testing. It may be rather nice to know that a child does not have a genetic disease, but what does a couple do if the results of a genetic test are returned with negative results? Also, if the information from the test is ambiguous the couple might decide not to carry out the pregnancy due to risk. In a 1999 article written by Frederic Golden, he questions if the child should be brought into the world â€Å"†¦in hopes that a cruel disease can be managed or cured†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or if the fetus should be aborted. He also poses the question of insurance coverage. This might seem like a rather odd comment to make. Insurance is insurance isn’t it ? And for the most part we all have it. Yet this brings us into another issue about genetics, privacy. Our genetic code is consistent throughout our entire lives. It is who we are. Will insurance coverage be availableShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Reproductive Technology1484 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s culture has a growing fascination with biotechnology and genetic engineering. This is especially true within the field of reproductive technology. 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Such techniques included in genetic engineering (both good and bad) are, genetic screening both during the fetal stage and later in life, gene therapy, sex selectionRead MoreHuman Health And The Environment : Gmos1668 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fowler BIOL 270 Capstone Paper 4/25/16 Human Health and the Environment: GMOs Introduction: What is the issue? What is a GMO? If you were to ask your average person on the street, they would probably tell you that they know they’re bad, but don’t know what they are. Many people know it has something to do with â€Å"genetics† or â€Å"modification,† but what sort of genetics? And how or why are these things being modified? Put simply, GMO is an acronym for Genetically Modified Organism. 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Have we gone too far with the human genome project? Do we risk creating children as a medical commodity? Could it ultimately lead to parents demanding genetically-engineered offspring with good looks, intelligence, or athletic abilities? It isRead MoreThe Ethical Implications of Genetic Screening and Testing: Arguments For and Against1919 Words   |  8 Pagesin technology and medicine, genetic screening and testing is becoming more commonplace in our society. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) defines genetic screening as â€Å"a search in a population for persons possessing certain genotypes that (1) are already associated with disease or predispose to disease, (2) may lead to disease in their descendants, or (3) produce other variations not known to be associated with disease† (NHGRI, 2005). 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An essential part associated with DNA fingerprint scanning service within the department of healthcare and relative areas is actually the utilization in detecting genetic as well as hereditary problems. Additionally, DNA fingerprint scanning service assists to not only identify these problems but also provide appropriate remedies in a timely manner as well (Adams, 2005). An additional essential utilization of DNA